Книга: The Elements of Chemistry: A Textbook for Beginners (Classic Reprint)

THE ELEMENTS OF CHEMISTRY CHAPTER I CHEMICAL, CHANGES-PHYSICAL CHANCES Some Familiar Changes.-You are all familiar with many changes which are taking place in the things around you. Take, for example, the changes which are called ftre. You see substances destroyed by fire. They disappear. You feel the heat produced by the burning. You know that some things will burn and others will not. Again, you all know that iron when exposed to the air is changed, becoming covered with a reddish-brown substance called rust. If fruit-juices or milk be allowed to stand in contact with the air they become sour. If a spark comes in contact with gunpowder there is a flash and the powder disappears, dense smoke appearing in its place. Changes of Another Kind,-If a piece of stone or of iron be brought in contact with something hot it becomes hot itself. If taken away it becomes cool again. If heated very hot it gives light. When, for example, iron becomes ' red-hot ' we can see it in a dark room.Table of Contents CONTENTS CHAPTER I PAGE Chemical Changes-Physical Changes i CHAPTER II The Chemistry of the Air 16 CHAPTER III Oxygen , 21 CHAPTER IV Combining Weights 31 CHAPTER V Nitrogen 37 CHAPTER VI Water 41 CONTENTS CHAPTER VII PAGE Hydrogen -45 CHAPTER VIII Water (continued) a?? 53 CHAPTER IX Compounds of Nitrogen with Hydrogen and Oxygen 66 CHAPTER X Chlorine and its Compounds with Hydrogen and Oxygen -77 CHAPTER XI Acids-Bases-Neutralisation-Salts 88 CHAPTER XII Carbon -95 CHAPTER XIII Compounds of Carbon with Hydrogen, Oxygen, and with Nitrogen 105 CONTENTS xi CHAPTER XIV PAGE Atomic Theory - Atomic Weights - Molecular Weights - Valence - Classification of the Elements 121 CHAPTER XV The Chlorine Family: Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, Fluorine 128 CHAPTER XVI The Sulphur Family : Sulphur, Selenium, Tellurium 134 CHAPTER XVII The Nitrogen Family : Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Arsenic, and Antimony-Bo